Contiguous Zone #4. High Seas. 1. Delineation of Internal Waters One of the four conventions framed during the first United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in Geneva, this treaty, excluding the Philippines, entered into force on 10 September 1964. Article 46 of The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982 (UNCLOS 1982) treats archipelago as a group of islands, including parts of islands, interconnecting waters and other natural features which are so closely interrelated that such islands, waters and other natural features form an Internal Waters: It covers all water and waterways within the countrys land. UNCLOS regulates the conduct of nations and applies primarily to states. UNCLOS is relevant to the ship's master however, as it defines the right of innocent passage for ships moving through territorial waters and transit passage through international straits. archipelagic waters. What are the internal waters? *** What are the internal waters? 1. UNCLOS is the only international convention which stipulates a framework for state jurisdiction in maritime spaces. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) presents the sovereign rights of coastal states in various marine areas in exclusive regions of the ocean. INTRODUCTION . 2. 9 SEC. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) UNCLOS lays down a comprehensive regime of law and order in the worlds oceans and seas. There is no interference of the foreign countries. ; The third session of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III) which was held between 1973 to 1982 led to Contiguous Zone. To resolve the problem of territorial rights of nations, the first conference, UNCLOS I, was held in 1958. (2) The closing lines may be determined by using all or any of the methods specified in Articles 9, 10 and 11 of UNCLOS. The official position of the United States government is that the Northwest Passage a strait between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, running through the ice-packed Arctic is one of the straits which are used for international navigation under Article 37 of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III). The coastal state is free to set laws, regulate use, and use any resource. In this area Waters enclosed would be internal. In news: Internal Waters: Internal waters are waters on the landward side of the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. over the territorial sea and of its bed and subsoil. [5] UNCLOS III entered into Article 56 of UNCLOS offers coastal states jurisdiction in their EEZ, with regard to: 9 SEC. The resulting UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (Unclos) served to strengthen sovereignty over the seas, as it extended states territorial sea to 12 nautical miles and recognized their exclusive jurisdiction over their internal waters. 3. Exclusive Economic Zone. The convention set the limit of various areas, measured from a carefully defined baseline. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Montego Bay, opened for signature Dec. 10, 1982, entered into interconnecting waters and other natural features which are so closely interrelated that such islands, waters and other natural features form an Internal Waters and Archipelagic Waters . Archipelagic waters are the waters inside and around an archipelago. Internal waters and waterways fall on the landward side of the baseline and belong to the territory of the state. Under UNCLOS, a state can only invoke historic rights to claim territorial sea or internal waters in deeply indented bays or gulfs along the coast of the mainland, like in the Gulf of Fonseca [18] (Article 10, UNCLOS). (2) Internal waters. Internal waters. CONTINENTAL SHELF. UNCLOS is also known as the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea Treaty that defines the rights and responsibilities of nations towards the use of the worlds oceans. Internal waters are all the waters that fall landward of the baseline, such as lakes, rivers, and tidewaters. States have the same sovereign jurisdiction over internal waters as they do over other territory. Low water tide is a few metres from the coastal beach] 3.2 Breadth and Delimitation of Territorial Sea The breadth of territorial sea was for a long time a controversial matter manifested especially as a competition between states that claimed a wide maritime dominion against those that opposed such claims in favour of a narrow costal belt. Existing agreements, traditional fishing rights and UNCLOS:- UNCLOS is an acronym for the United Nations Convention for the Law of the Sea. Define internal waters. The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, or UNCLOS, which entered into force in 1994, governs the conflicting maritime claims in the South China Sea. It covers all water and waterways on the landward side of the baseline. There is no interference of the foreign countries. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) has designated rights and responsibilities to all States party to the convention in the various maritime zones that may be claimed by such a State. Territorial waters refer to 12 Nautical Miles from the baseline. Also known as Law of the Sea, it divides marine areas into five main zones namely- Internal Waters, Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and the High Seas. Internal Waters refers to the all water and waterways on the landward side of the baseline of a country. UNCLOS sections the oceans, splitting marine areas into the following zones, each with a different legal status: Internal Waters. in the Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries Case. Their claims are tantamount to an internal waters claim, subjecting Arctic waters to Canadian and Russian sovereignty, including a requirement of consent for foreign states to enter. . The Convention resulted from the third United Nations Conference on the Internal waters. The coastal state is free to set laws, regulate use, and use any resource. The fact that these waters had not been regarded as internal waters before the establishment of straight baselines triggers Article 8(2) of UNCLOS which preserves innocent passage without the need for previous acceptance, acknowledgement or use. Part XII of UNCLOS contains special provisions for the protection of the marine environment, obligating all States to collaborate in this matter, as well as placing special obligations on flag States to ensure that ships under their flags adhere to international environmental regulations, often adopted by the IMO. UNCLOS sets forth the rules on setting baselines. Territorial waters. This paper deals with the zonal and functional approaches as expressed through UNCLOS. UNCLOS, while intended primarily to regulate the relationship between nations, is directly relevant to the master. This is because some of the rights and duties enshrined in UNCLOS are exercised by the ship's master on behalf of the ships flag state. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, in its codification and crystallization efforts, takes cognizance of the practice of states having due regard to historical antecedents. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea CONTENTS Page Delimitation of internal waters .. 37 Article 51. Covers all water and waterways on the landward side of the baseline. Article2. Each coastal state has full sovereignty over its internal waters as like its land territory. This sovereignty extends to the air space over the territorial sea as well as to its bed and subsoil. It is an international treaty that establishes a legal framework for all marine and maritime activities. 3. The convention carefully set limits for 5 main areas of water territories for every nation that participated: #1. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) represents an attempt to codify international law regarding territorial waters, sea-lanes, and ocean resources. In 1982, the third United Nations conference on the law of the sea finally concluded. Each coastal state has full sovereignty over its internal waters as like its land territory. Territorial waters : The coastal state is free to set laws, regulate use, and use any resource. Internal Waters refers to the all water and waterways on the landward side of the baseline of a country. The convention is also sometimes referred to as the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea treaty. What are the UNCLOS maritime zones?. Foreign vessels have no right of passage within internal waters. About UNCLOS: UNCLOS is the only international convention which stipulates a framework for 6 6 See UNCLOS , supra note 1, Arts. A vessel in the high seas assumes jurisdiction under the internal laws of its flag State. United Nations Convention on the Law of the sea (UNCLOS) was Adopted in 10 December 1982 Enforced since 16 November 1994 Amended twice - in 1994, "Agreement relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the Convention", in force in 1996. The UNCLOS stands for the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Use of terms and scope PART II. UNCLOS recognises that a coastal nation has sovereignty over its internal waters (UNCLOS, Art 2, para 1). Each coastal state has full sovereignty over its internal waters as like its land territory. These bays and gulfs are adjacent to the coast and have long been accepted by other states as internal waters. According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, a nation's internal waters include waters on the side of the baseline of a nation's territorial waters that is facing toward the land, except in archipelagic states. Internal waters Covers all water and waterways on the landward side of the baseline. Definition of the continental shelf. 17 Parts, 320 Articles and 9 Annexes As of Nov. 2004, there are 146 ratifications. Territorial waters refer to 12 Nautical Miles from the baseline. These zones are: 1. internal waters; 2. territorial sea; 3. contiguous zone; 4. ex-clusive economic zone; and 5. the high seas. 9 While the use of pilots is not uncommon within ports and harbours, as these areas are within a states internal waters, the coastal state has considerable latitude to regulate and manage all shipping within these waters without the need to refer to the UNCLOS. Internal waters Covers all water and waterways on the landward side of the baseline. Territorial waters. 1. UNCLOS is careful to prevent creeping coastal state jurisdiction over violations which have occurred prior to the ship entering the territorial sea from a foreign port, granted it is in transit and not entering the coastal states internal waters or ports. Rights of Foreign vessels have no right of passage within internal waters. Maritime Zones under UNCLOS. Similarly, Chinas claim to the Strait of Hainan as internal waters has been protested by a number of nations. Sea areas provided for by UNCLOS. Territorial Waters #3. Internal Waters. Internal waters Internal waters are those that are contained on the landward side of the baseline. The strait is also listed as a major strait in standard collections, and qualifies under UNCLOS as a strait used for international navigation where the right of transit passage applies. It includes waterways such as rivers and canals, and sometimes the water within small bays. Internal Waters: Internal waters are waters on the landward side of the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. The innocent passage has been codified in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III) was adopted in 1982 traversing that sea without entering internal waters or calling at a roadstead or port facility outside internal waters; or (b) proceeding to or from internal waters or a call at such roadstead or port facility. 3. Continental Shelf. 6. Baseline is the low-water line along the coast 2013/4/7 UNCLOS 15 16. Foreign vessels generally have no right of navigation through internal waters. These waters fall under the exclusive sovereignty of the nation in which they are contained. Maritime zones under UNCLOS . Foreign vessels have no right of passage within internal waters. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) (Montego Bay, 10 December 1982) PREAMBLE PART I. 3 (territorial sea), 33(2) (contiguous zone), 57 (exclusive economic zone), 76 (continental shelf ). Different Areas under UNCLOS III :Internal waters. Closing lines for internal waters (1) The Prime Minister may, by regulations, prescribe closing lines to delimit internal waters. Context: United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982, also known as Law of the Sea divides marine areas into five main zones namely- Internal Waters, Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and the High Seas. As of June 2016, 167 countries and the European Union are parties. In the internal waters a country is free to set laws, regulate its use and use of its resources.