In architecture, the Medici were responsible for some notable features of Florence, including the Uffizi Gallery, the Boboli Gardens, the Belvedere, the Medici Chapel and the Palazzo Medici.[58]. Portrait as Electress Palatine, painted by Jan Frans von Douven Anna Maria Luisa de Medici in Florence today 5.0. [10] The origin of the name is uncertain. Despite her mother's efforts to induce a miscarriage by means of riding,[3] Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, the only daughter and second child of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and his consort, Marguerite Louise d'Orlans, was born in Florence on 11 August 1667. As rulers over the Renaissances birthplace, the family had been among the greatest supporters of the genius artists and scholars the era produced, including Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. Anna Maria Luisa was the only daughter of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Marguerite Louise d'Orlans, a niece of Louis XIII of France. [36] In 1657, Leopoldo de' Medici, the Grand Duke's youngest brother, established the Accademia del Cimento, organized to attract scientists to Florence from all over Tuscany for mutual study. After this, Lorenzo adopted his brother's illegitimate son Giulio de' Medici (14781535), the future Pope Clement VII. [41] By 1722, the Electress was not even acknowledged as heiress, and Cosimo was reduced to a spectator at the conferences for Tuscany's future. At this point, the descendants of Cosimo the Elders brother (known as Lorenzo the Elder) came forward to launch a new Medici dynasty. Eldest son of Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. [38], Ferdinando died on 23 May 1670 afflicted by apoplexy and dropsy. Thus began the reign of Medici monarchs in Florence, which lasted two centuries. Due to his illness, he mostly stayed at home bedridden, and therefore did little to further the Medici control of Florence while in power. Ferdinando's marriage to Vittoria della Rovere produced two children: Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro. Giovanni's son Cosimo the Elder, Pater Patriae (father of the country), took over in 1434 as gran maestro (the unofficial head of the Florentine Republic). [23], The Medici additionally benefited from the discovery of vast deposits of alum in Tolfa in 1461. A patron of the arts, she bequeathed the Medicis' large art collection, including the contents of the Uffizi, Palazzo Pitti and the Medicean villas, which she inherited upon her brother Gian Gastone's death in 1737, and her Palatine treasures to the Tuscan state, on the condition that no part of it could be removed from "the Capital of the grand ducal State.[and from] the succession of His Serene Grand Duke."[1][2]. For the pharmaceutical company, see, Minerva, Mercury and Pluto pay homage to the Electress Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, The Medieval World Europe 11001350 by Friedrich Heer, 1998 Germany. By 1722, the electress was not even acknowledged as heiress, and Cosimo was reduced to spectator at the conferences for Tuscany's future.
Gian Gastone de Medici was born in 1671 as the second son of Cosimo III de Medici and Marguerite Louise dOrlans. Portrait as Electress Palatine, painted by Jan Frans von Douven Anna Maria Luisa de Medici in Florence today WebAnna Maria Luisa de' Medici (11 August 1667 18 February 1743) was an Italian noblewoman who was the last lineal descendant of the main branch of the House of Medici. The building is now the site of Florence's famed Uffizi Gallery, home to many great Renaissance-era treasures amassed by the Medicis since the time of Cosimo the Elder. As rulers over the Renaissances birthplace, the family had been among the greatest supporters of the genius artists and scholars the era produced, including Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. Anna Maria Luisa de Medici was the only surviving family member and had no offspring. [65], Anna Maria Luisa's single most enduring act was the Family Pact. [37], The Elector Palatine died in June 1716. [4][8], In 1669, Anna Maria Luisa was considered as a potential bride to Louis, le Grand Dauphin, the heir-apparent of Louis XIV of France.
[58], The "Lorrainers," as the occupying forces were dubbed, were popularly loathed. Gian Gastone de Medici was born in 1671 as the second son of Cosimo III de Medici and Marguerite Louise dOrlans. The Medici Bank collapsed in 1494. In 1512, thanks in part to the efforts of Pieros younger brother Giovanni (a cardinal at the time and the future Pope Leo X), the Medici family was able to return to Florence. [76] This particular influence offers an explanation for the red hue of the Medici balls, the colour of the terracotta sculpture. 
[47] On 25 October 1731, a Spanish detachment occupied Florence on behalf of Don Carlos, who disembarked in Tuscany in December of the same year. This bank was the largest in Europe during the 15th century and facilitated the Medicis' rise to political power in Florence, although they officially remained citizens rather than monarchs until the 16th century.
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[46] On 25 October 1723, six days before his death, Grand Duke Cosimo disseminated a final proclamation commanding that Tuscany stay independent: Anna Maria Luisa would succeed uninhibited to Tuscany after Gian Gastone, and the grand duke reserved the right to choose his successor. [59] Eleanor of Toledo, a princess of Spain and wife of Cosimo I the Great, purchased the Pitti Palace from Buonaccorso Pitti in 1550. Giulio de Medici, the illegitimate son of Lorenzo the Magnificents brother Giuliano, abdicated power in 1523 to become Pope Clement VII, and the short and brutal rule of Alessandro (reputed to be Giulios own illegitimate son) ended with his assassination in 1537. She made an agreement with the Lorraine familythe new sovereigns of Florenceand forced them to leave intact the heritage of the Medici family, which had to be kept in Florence. [9] Cosimo III did not like the idea of a French marriage, and never devoted himself fully to the cause (she was later rejected). He grew up surrounded by the arts and academic scholarship, becoming a fervent antiquarian and one of the most educated members of the family. By the early 1520s, few descendants of Cosimo the Elder remained. Eldest son of Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. Giovannis elder son, Cosimo de Medici (1389-1464), rose to political power in 1434 and ruled Florence as an uncrowned monarch for the rest of his life. WebLorenzo de Medici, byname Lorenzo the Magnificent, Italian Lorenzo il Magnifico, (born January 1, 1449, Florence [Italy]died April 9, 1492, Careggi, near Florence), Florentine statesman, ruler, and patron of arts and letters, the most brilliant of the Medici. However, the Medici family did afford the scientist a safe haven for many years. In 1534, following a lengthy illness, Pope Clement VII diedand with him the stability of the Medici's "senior" branch. [15] The next year, however, a pro-Medici Signoria (civic government) led by Tommaso Soderini, Oddo Altoviti and Lucca Pitti was elected and Cosimo returned. In 1536, Alessandro de' Medici married Charles V's daughter, Margaret of Austria; however, the following year he was assassinated by a resentful cousin, Lorenzino de' Medici. WebMedici family, French Mdicis, Italian bourgeois family that ruled Florence and, later, Tuscany during most of the period from 1434 to 1737, except for two brief intervals (from 1494 to 1512 and from 1527 to 1530). Pope Leo X would chiefly commission works from Raphael, whereas Pope Clement VII commissioned Michelangelo to paint the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel just before the pontiff's death in 1534. Average for the last 12 months. The conspirators approached Sixtus IV in the hopes of gaining his approval, as he and the Medici had a long rivalry themselves, but the pope gave no official sanction to the plan. In general, the later Medici line renounced the older generations republican sympathies and established more authoritarian rule, a change that produced stability in Florence and Tuscany, but led to the regions decline as a cultural hub. [74], As an Italian vocabulary word, "medici" means "medical doctors" and identifications with the family members as physicians may be found among their names as early as the eleventh century. However, in 1735, as part of a territorial arrangement, the European powers appointed Francis Stephen of Lorraine as heir, and he duly ascended the Tuscan throne in her stead. The Last Medici Hardcover January 1, 1980 by Harold Acton (Author) 9 ratings See all formats and editions Hardcover $34.03 23 Used from $3.87 2 New from $34.03 1 Collectible from $14.00 Paperback $20.95 2 Used from $29.85 8 New from $20.95 Europe largely ignored Cosimo's plan. 
She was named after her maternal aunt Anne Marie Louise d'Orlans, Duchess of Montpensier. They were among the earliest businesses to use the general ledger system of accounting through the development of the double-entry bookkeeping system for tracking credits and debits. Rice University.Medici Family: Origins and History. In comparison to the 17th century, the population of Florence declined by 50%, and the population of the grand duchy as a whole declined by an estimated 40%. In 1530, after allying himself with Charles V, Pope Clement VII succeeded in securing the engagement of Charles V's daughter Margeret of Austria to his illegitimate nephew (reputedly his son) Alessandro de' Medici. Palazzo Medici Riccardi presents an exhibition of his profound works that act as a further testimony to the relationships he formed with the most noble Florentine families of the time. In 1626, they banned any Tuscan subject from being educated outside the Grand Duchy, a law later overturned, but resurrected by Maria Maddalena's grandson, Cosimo III. [9] Instead, Cosimo offered her to his first choice, Peter II of Portugal. [75], Alternatively, it has been suggested that the Medici coat of arms was initially inspired by symbols drawn from Etruscan votive sculpture, examples of which feature an oval dome with balls (echoing the forms of the Medici shield), as well as six balls within a triangle (as found in the alternative, triangular version of the Medici emblem). WebAnna Maria Luisa de' Medici (11 August 1667 18 February 1743) was an Italian noblewoman who was the last lineal descendant of the main branch of the House of Medici.
In her will, Anna Maria bequeathed all of the Medici treasures the familys entire artistic patrimony to the people Florence. [57] In collaboration with the Holy Roman Emperor and Francis of Lorraine, she willed all the personal property of the Medici's to the Tuscan state, provided that nothing was ever removed from Florence. MLS # 23005662 He was interred in the Basilica of San Lorenzo, the Medici's necropolis. Shipping speed. 1668 Villa Medici Pass , Lexington, KY 40509 is a single-family home listed for-sale at $1,260,000. 
The Medici were responsible for a high proportion of the major Florentine works of art created during their period of rule. The Medici line was then extinct. This page was last edited on 30 March 2023, at 22:13. [21] Because Anna Maria Luisa patronised many musicians, the contemporary Palatine court enjoyed regard as an international centre of music.
The only condition was that none of it could be sold. The Spanish reaction was to construct a citadel on their portion of the island of Elba. View more property details, sales history and Zestimate data on Zillow. [1]
The bed, often smelling of faeces, was occasionally cleaned by Violante. Although he never held any political office, he gained strong popular support for the family through his support for the introduction of a proportional system of taxation. The very last Grand Duke of Tuscany, Gian Gastone de Medici, passed away without a son in 1737. Francis younger brother Ferdinand, who became grand duke in 1587, restored Tuscany to stability and prosperity. 
In 1713 Cosimo III altered the Tuscan laws of succession to allow the accession of his daughter, and spent his final years canvassing the European powers to agree to recognise this statute. In her will, Anna Maria bequeathed all of the Medici treasures the familys entire artistic patrimony to the people Florence. 
How the Medici Used Portraits as Propaganda.
The family originated in the Mugello region of Tuscany, and prospered gradually until it was able to fund the Medici Bank. Pius II granted the Medici family a monopoly on the mining there, making them the primary producers of alum in Europe.[24]. Lorenzos great-great-grandson Cosimo (1519-1574) became duke of Florence in 1537, then grand duke of Tuscany in 1569. The Medicis' wealth and influence was initially derived from the textile trade guided by the wool guild of Florence, the Arte della Lana.
[40], On 4 April 1718 England, France and the Dutch Republic (and later Austria) selected Don Carlos of Spain, the elder child of Elisabeth Farnese and Philip V of Spain, as the Tuscan heir (with no mention of Anna Maria Luisa). The Viceroy, the Prince de Craon, whom the Electress disliked for his "vulgar" court, allowed the Electress to live undisturbed in her own wing of the Pitti, living in virtual seclusion, only on occasion receiving a select-number of guests under a black dais in her silver-clad audience room. WebAnna Maria Luisa de' Medici (11 August 1667 18 February 1743) was an Italian noblewoman who was the last lineal descendant of the main branch of the House of Medici. However, these portions of his proclamation were completely ignored, and he died a few days later. After securing Alessandro de' Medici's dukedom, Pope Clement VII married off his first cousin, twice removed, Catherine de' Medici, to the son of Emperor Charles V's arch-enemy, King Francis I of Francethe future King Henry II. WebFind many great new & used options and get the best deals for Silver Medici Coat of Arms Floral Chain Antique Necklace with Figural Charms at the best online prices at eBay! From Leo's election as pope in 1513 to his death in 1521, Florence was overseen, in turn, by Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours, Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino, and Giulio de' Medici, the latter of whom became Pope Clement VII. [26], Cosimo III wished to alter the male-only Tuscan line of succession so as to allow the accession of his daughter, Anna Maria Luisa, in the event of a male-line succession failure.
5.0. [46][47] In the period 17221725, the Electress embellished the villa further by commissioning twelve statues of various religious figures. 
WebThe House of Medici (English: / m d t i / MED-i-chee, Italian: [mditi]) was an Italian banking family and political dynasty that first consolidated power in the Republic of Florence under Cosimo de' Medici, during the first half of the 15th century.The family originated in the Mugello region of Tuscany, and prospered gradually until it was able to fund the Medici Bank. Ferdinando also sponsored a Tuscan expedition to the New World with the intention of establishing a Tuscan colony, an enterprise that brought no result for permanent colonial acquisitions. Fri 31 Mar 2023 10:21 AM. Medici is the plural of medico, meaning "medical doctor". Fanciful stories depict the images as pills or cupping glasses, a late-medieval medical instrument used to draw blood. [48] Rumours abounded that the Grand Duke had died; it was a rarity for the public to see him. [68], Media related to Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici at Wikimedia Commons, Anna Maria Luisa, Electress of the Palatinate. The Last Medici Family Member. Ferdinando died in 1609, leaving an affluent realm; his inaction in international affairs, however, would have long-reaching consequences down the line. [44] Cosimo desperately tried to reach a settlement with the European powers, but Tuscany's legal status was very complicated: the area of the grand duchy formerly comprising the Republic of Siena was technically a Spanish fief, while the territory of the old Republic of Florence was thought to be under imperial suzerainty. Agostino Steffani, a polymath, was sponsored by the Electress from his arrival in Dsseldorf, in 1703, until her return to Tuscany; the Conservatorio Luigi Cherubini library in Florence houses two editions of his chamber duets. [25], The same year as Gian Gastone's marriage, the Peace of Ryswick ended the Nine Years' War: French troops withdrew from the Electoral Palatinate and Johann Wilhelm received the County of Megen. The House of Medici (English: /mdti/ MED-i-chee,[4] Italian:[mditi]) was an Italian banking family and political dynasty that first consolidated power in the Republic of Florence under Cosimo de' Medici, during the first half of the 15th century. As a consequence, the grand duchy expired and the territory became a secundogeniture of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. She lived the rest of her life deprived of any political influence.
[20] The Electress spent her time enjoying balls, musical performances and other festivities. [53] On 19 February 1743, she died, and the grand ducal line of the House of Medici died with her. Only Great Britain and the Dutch Republic gave any credence to it, and the plan ultimately died with Cosimo III in 1723.[45]. Although Gian Gastone was the last Medici grand duke, the dynasty had long been in decline from its former greatness.
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