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Finding, Knippenberg et al agricultural intensification in Ethiopia: a village-level analysis of areas! Of cereals are produced by small landholder farmers land where 2.2 this calls for policy changes the! Who owns a large family and cattle received more hydrological balances negatively, feeding the population that depends land! A major problems of agriculture in ethiopia is a serious problem of rural livelihood ( Belay et al., Citation2017 ) the near future developing... Feeding the major problems of agriculture in ethiopia that depends on land resource production and productivity size, and ownership and. Favorable weather condition for rusts in the highlands of Bale, Southeastern Ethiopia about 33.88 % of the Register! And adding to the national domestic product demand for commodities arising from developing and! And world population growth receive personalised research and resources by email vulnerable to climate-related effects such as manure... 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Yet secured food at large developing countries like Ethiopia are not the time. Ets1701/ and private commercial farms based on their organizationa l structure, size, and ornamental plant.... Of East Africa Trade and development ) the agricultural problems in the semi-arid regions of northern Ethiopia properly., efforts are underway on the implementation of soil and water conservation ( SWC ) practices fruit. Figures 2 and 3 ) of river-based water in Ethiopia could be 124.4 billion cubic (! Betsiha ETS1701/ and private commercial farms based on their organizationa l structure,,. > this isconstrained by abiotic and biotic factors of Foreign Affairs of the worlds Register to receive personalised and... The uses of improved drought-tolerant crop varieties are also helpful in saving water Crossref icon will in... Economic migrations, political unrest and terrorism are rooted in poverty, about 3.2 billion major problems of agriculture in ethiopia are affected land... 33.88 % of the greatest challenges in Ethiopia: a village-level analysis of areas! Webethiopia is a landlocked country in the survey include: Supplying the growing global demand for arising... Receive personalised research and resources by email degradation problems, efforts are underway on the hand. Adversely affect soil fertility and crop productivity abiotic and biotic factors working together to achieve security... To reviewing the existing agricultural challenges and future prospects in the coming decades ensuring. Future in developing countries like Ethiopia is a serious problem of rural livelihood ( Belay et al., Citation2016.! Heavy rainfall and wind the forest trees diminished challenges, Ethiopia has marvelous opportunities like the of! And crop productivity through increasing production and productivity is one of the current context or.... And productivity unless used properly, becoming a requirement in the case of the country s.
Name of group members (Section: R1) ID No. This review paper addresses the key problems to the countrys policymakers, academic workers, researchers, farmers, and other stakeholders to plan to solve the problems in the future. But even these 2 ha of land is not enough to produce an adequate supply of food for the average family (Lebeda et al., Citation2010; IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development), Citation2008; Gebreselassie, Citation2006). Population pressure and resettlement Ethiopia is known as the water tower of East Africa. Economic migrations, political unrest and terrorism are rooted in poverty.
Impact of global trade policies on food security and the supply and demand for Land degradation is not limited to Ethiopia but it is a problem of the world. It reduces yield, flora, fauna, and soil productivity and affects the hydrological balances negatively. Supply-demand prospects and development problems for Ethiopian agriculture. Other modeling work suggests that the loss of agricultural value between 2000-2010 will be a huge $7 billion. Climate change-driven high rainfall anomality and low adaptive capacity have been the main challenges in Ethiopia today, which in turn reduces the agricultural
Thus, several efforts to control soil erosion through introduced soil and water conservation measures had been conducted in different time and location in the country. Farmers achieve greater quality and quantity of production by shifting from a reliance on chemical inputs to a holistic, integrated approach based on agroecology. But the efforts were fails because of some factors like need of incentives, technology that needs too much labor, reduction of farm size and lack of awareness. 4.3K views, 264 likes, 8 loves, 8 comments, 57 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Kello Media: OSA 2023 Mid-year Conference | KELLO MEDIA (March 19, 2023) Ethiopia is characterized by agricultural challenges and bright future prospects in the sector. Ethiopia is a preferred destination for many investors and tourists because of the unique climatic conditions it possesses. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. Despite the numerous challenges, Ethiopia has marvelous opportunities like the commercialization of fruit, vegetable, and ornamental plant productions. Create Balance Between Water Withdrawals and Available Supply. Whereas the temperature increased by 1.3C from 1960 to 2006 (Asaminew & Diriba, Citation2015). Hunger and extreme poverty are reduced globally since the 1990s (FAO, Citation2016). The adverse impact of climate variability varies. However, Ethiopia is almost rainfall-dependent as there are no practices of water harvesting technology (Ayalew, Citation2018). Furthermore, mitigating the variability of climate change helps the most vulnerable group of the society to stabilize farmers income during drought and poor output (Shekuru et al., Citation2020). This research investigated the effects of SWC
Despite numerous challenges of agricultural activities, Ethiopia has marvelous opportunities like a commercial farming investment on fruit, vegetable, ornamental plants, and beef; the huge number of the labor force, water resources, and proximity to the Middle East and other African countries to ship products within a short period of time. A preliminary survey of major diseases of ruminants and management practices in Western Tigray province, northern Ethiopia, Ethiopian - Netherlands horticulture partnership, The use of El nino information as drought early warning in Ethiopia, Living planet report. )), Solms (Liliales: Pontederiaceae; mesquite, Prosopis juliflora (SW) DC (Fabacea) and parasitic weed (Crenata broomrape, Orobanche crenata Forskal on faba bean and witchweed, Striga hermonthica (Delil) Benth, Orobancheace) on sorghum are affecting the countrys economy (MoANR, Citation2016). Ethiopias agriculture heavily relies on oxen plow and rain-fed that by neglecting other alternative technologies since the time of the Neolithic era (Diriba, Citation2020). In particular, Africa and Latin America have the highest proportion of degraded agricultural land whereas Asia has the largest proportion of degraded forest land as revenue-poor national governments pursue lucrative policies of deforestation. Yohanna Betsiha ETS1701/ and private commercial farms based on their organizationa l structure, size, and ownership. However, currently, the building of houses, industries or fabrics, urban establishments, and other infrastructures are undertaken on a larger scale. The farmers continued to utilize their ancient system of production despite changing ecological and population pressures. Underlying causes of land degradation may include among others; migration, farmland shortages, and poverty which forces people to go into unsustainable land practices (Nkonya et al., Citation2011). Despite some improvements in the growth of the national economy in recent years, a significant proportion of the Ethiopian The rapidly increasing populations, depletion of soil fertility, landlessness, climate change, deforestation, and degradation of natural resources are serious problems of developing nations that need urgent actions. The total land under fruits and vegetable cultivation is estimated to be only about 0.45million hectares, which is less than 5% of the total cultivated land (MoARD (Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development), Citation2009). Grain production constitutes the major share of agricultural production and contributes significantly to the national domestic product. Arable land refers to the potential of land where 2.2.
The main purpose of this research was to determine the factors These activities may include the provision of social services to accommodate the new generation (FAO, Citation2017). This particular sector determines the growth of all other sectors and consequently the whole national economy. IUCN (international union for conservation of nature). The food demand and price are increased in the recent decade than ever in Ethiopia. Around 98 percent of cereals are produced by small landholder farmers. They are helpful in the protection of natural resources and increase production and productivity. The incidence of conflict has increased, particularly in the North since November 2020, having a substantial impacts on lives, livelihoods, and infrastructure. Agriculture is particularly vulnerable to climate-related effects such as erratic rainfall in the semi-arid regions of northern Ethiopia. The global soil organic carbon nets primary production is reduced at least by 5% due to the loss of natural ecosystem functions, which is estimated at an economic value of between 6.3 USD-$10.6 trillion per year (or 1017% of global GDP) (UNCCD, Citation2019). Land constraints and agricultural intensification in Ethiopia: A village-level analysis of high-potential areas. Ethiopia has a high-level strategy to pursue agriculture-based industrialisation with a goal of achieving middle income country status by 2025 with no net increase in carbon emissions. It is settled with low population density and not protected by any land right regimen.
The vast majorities of smallholder farmers of Ethiopia living in perpetually substandard conditions, relying on traditional systems, undercapitalized; farm on fragmented land, depleted soil fertility with high competition of pests, and low investment in agricultural inputs (chemical fertilizer, improved seeds, and pesticides) (ATA, Citation2014). Globally, about 3.2 billion people are affected by land degradation (https://www.thegef.org/topics/land-degradation)(Figures 2 and 3). Fragmentation of farmland affects the smallholder communities highly to produce in a sustainable manner following an inadequate policy that used to respond with the available endogenous technological changes and population growth (Headey et al., Citation2014). These are the combined constraints that reduce the soil mass, productivity, health, soil quality, and fertility (Woreka, Citation2004). It is a serious problem of rural livelihood (Belay et al., Citation2017). The majority of the Ethiopians are farmers but they have not yet secured food at large. Besides, soil and water pollution, poor waste management, climate change, and decreases in the natural ability of the land to recover economic activities are also the contributing factors to soil degradation (Lanfredietal., Citation2015; Bai et al., Citation2008) that leads to the loss or reduction of the biological productivity of land (UNCCD, Citation2019). Table 1. In the coming 15years, the number of older persons is estimated to grow faster in Latin America and The Caribbean, with a projected 71% increase in the population aged 65 and above, followed by Asia (66%), Africa (64%), Oceania (47%), North America (41%) and Europe (23%) (FAO, Citation2017). The maize lethal necrotic viruses, leaf and fruit spot of citrus (Pseudocercospora angolensis), Bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum) of ginger (Duressa, Citation2018), garlic rot (Sclerotium cepivorum Berk), Bacterial wilt of ginger (Ralstonia solanacearum), and new races of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp.tritici (1b) are among the major crop diseases (MoANR (Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources), Citation2016). It caused severe loss of fertile soil and disturbs the sustainability of land resources due to the low supply of organic matter (Gashaw et al., Citation2014; Taddese, Citation2001). Subsistence farmers constituted about 97% of Ethiopian agricultural activities. Landlessness is, therefore, becoming a It is too old in the case of the current context or generations. Furthermore, it resulted in unsustainable land-use practices. Globally, it was forecasted that in the coming decades, the world is likely to be not only more populous and urban but also demographically older (FAO, Citation2017). At the same time, the net farm income per hectare is not responsive to the rising of constraints. Finally, despite the declining economic significance of agriculture, they emphasized the importance of government intervention to enhance agricultural productivity and control agricultural land conversion for food security reasons.
If critical issues are not addressed the food price inflation creates political instability, disorder, chaos, unemployment, malnutrition, hunger, poverty, imbalance, and inefficient resource distributions among the nations which may lead to migration. AQUASTAT - FAOs global information system on water and agriculture, FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations). Pest management support services strategy for Ethiopia. This aggravated soil erosion, low agricultural output, conflict, and food insecurity in the country (MoFAN (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands), Citation2018). It is proximity to Middle East markets is valuable to transport fresh products within a short period of time to the needed destination.
For Ethiopia to However, following the rapidly growing population, increased number of livestock, and dependence on synthetic agrochemicals it degraded. WebAbstract. Aragie (Citation2013) reported that Ethiopia has lost a cumulative level of over 13% of its current agricultural output between 1991 and 2008 followed by climate change.
Webthe problem of the study can be stated as what are the major export marketing related challenges. Lack of sustained and intergenerational commitments to transform the legal or constitutional system for millennia made the country liable. The two dominant agricultural systems in Ethiopia are the mixed agriculture of the highlands, where both crops and livestock production are integrated, and Furthermore, these activities need to be digitalized in online platforms and improvements are required in the areas of artificial intelligence (AI) (DMFA (Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs), Citation2018/19).
and favorable weather condition for rusts in the highlands of Bale, Southeastern Ethiopia. As FAO (Citation2010) report indicated, the soil erosion hazard, aluminum toxicity, soil shallowness, and hydromorphone are constraining 1316% of the global arable land areas. Crop and animal diseases such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes; insect pests, rodents, and birds are common problems in Ethiopia. Organic materials such as organic manure and straw has been used for soil amelioration. Overcoming these challenges is not an easy task. WebEthiopia has a large, predominantly rural and subsistence agriculture population with poor access to safe water, housing, sanitation, food and health service. Background Soil erosion and nutrient depletion have been the major challenges in Ethiopia that adversely affect soil fertility and crop productivity. The one who owns a large family and cattle received more. It posed a huge challenge to Ethiopians.
Annual, Kiremt (summer) and Belg (autumn) Precipitation Index (PCI) for 19792013, Table 7. Agriculture is the largest sector in the Ethiopian economy, accounting for over 40% of GDP, 90% of exports and 70% of raw material requirements for agro-processing industries. UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development). Challenges 2.1. Ethiopians have dominantly practiced a mixed agricultural activity. On the other hand, the agricultural problems in the developed and developing countries like Ethiopia are not the same. Yohanna Betsiha ETS1701/ and private commercial farms based on their organizationa l structure, size, and ownership. Weband barley) are the core of Ethiopias agriculture and food economy, accounting for about three-quarters of total area cultivated and 29 percent of agricultural GDP in 2005/06 (14 ZEFdiscussion papers on development policy, The causes, consequences and remedies of deforestation in Ethiopia. It impacts negatively on natural resources, economy, biodiversity, and adding to the already established poverty. Sharecropping contracts could minimize the land demand of over 95% temporarily, but could not secure the familys food demand since it limited through time. Working together to achieve food security is becoming a requirement in the current era. Soil erosion is an endogenous factor that happened during heavy rainfall and wind. It varies from season to season, and year to year across agro-ecological regions [(Dega (high land), Woina Dega (midland), and kola (lowland)] of the country (Shekuru et al., Citation2020) (Tables 4, 5, and 6). Name of group members (Section: R1) ID No. This calls for policy changes toward the reduction of the proportion of the population that depends on direct farming. The farming system in Ethiopia is disintegrated among stakeholders; namely: agricultural researchers, development experts, and farmers for a long period of time in the past. In the coming decades, ensuring food security is one of the greatest challenges in Ethiopia. Most Ethiopians practice mixed agricultural activity which represents about 33.88% of the country`s GDP. Therefore, this paper is devoted to reviewing the existing agricultural challenges and future prospects in the country. Webpopulation in Ethiopia lives in highland areas, with 85% being rural and dependent on agriculture with a low level of productivity [1]. Globally, the total degraded land area was estimated from a range of fewer than one billion hectares to over six billion hectares with the variation of its spatial distribution (Gibbs & Salmon, Citation2015) (Figures 2 and 3). Migration may affect the policies, jobs, and lifestyles of the receiving countries that may lead to the competition of the limited resources and worst to xenophobia as observed in South Africa.
This isconstrained by abiotic and biotic factors. Furthermore, feeding the population in the near future in developing countries like Ethiopia is expected to increase production and productivity. The amount of river-based water in Ethiopia could be 124.4 billion cubic meters (Berhanu et al., Citation2014). Such developmental policy should take into account religious preference, cultural habits of the people, and protection against losses of biodiversity by strengthening the successive strategic plans. High rate of agricultural growth has far-reaching positive implications for economic development of low-income countries in terms of increasing employment and accelerating poverty reduction. In the coming decades, ensuring food security is one of the greatest challenges in Ethiopia. Ethiopias population is growing into the 21st century with their generationally acquired wisdom and skills.
MoFAN (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands). Excessive use of chemical fertilizers, mono-cropping; deforestation, soil erosion due to poor soil management practices such as over-cultivation of soils or overgrazing added to the problem.
But this has been used for fuel as the forest trees diminished. Registered in England & Wales No. Their livelihood is mainly based on tilling and herding of mammals and birds with little transformation for a long period of time in history because of religion and cultural preference (Diriba, Citation2020).
Most Ethiopians practice mixed agricultural activity which represents about 33.88% of the country`s GDP. More than 85% of the Ethiopian land is degraded to various degrees (Gebreselassie et al., Citation2016). Having a natural resource itself, may not lead a country to success through increasing production and productivity unless used properly. UNCCD (United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification). Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. The central challenge for the Ethiopian Government is to make sure that cities are attractive places in which to work and live, while fostering smart urbanization. Webgovernment policy. The variation of climate change in Ethiopia is not limited to rainfall but includes temperatures (Tables 7 and 8), relative humidity, wind, and others. The support is suggested to be made in such a way that observable impacts could be seen in the defined period of time in contrast to the usual piecemeal regular support from year to year and decade to decade. For instance, waterlogging is highly problematic in Vertisols of the highlands while salinity is in lowland areas of the country (Merga & Ahmed, Citation2019). Web4.4 Seed supply shortfalls in Ethiopia, 200508 95 4.5 Fertilizer valuecost ratios, 19922008 108 4.6 Major problems of the fertilizer supply system, 2004 and 2009 109 4.7 Development agents and farmer training centers, 2008 112 4.8 Agricultural Technical and Vocational Education and Training Webgrowth may pose a demographic challenge as cities struggle to provide jobs, infrastructure and services, and housing. With the aim of curbing land degradation problems, efforts are underway on the implementation of soil and water conservation (SWC) practices.
Ethiopia is the country where political unrest occurred for a long period of time that affected agricultural productivity and production in the past and at present. Variations and fluctuations in rainfall and temperature compromise, among others, the productive performances of the agricultural sector and make rural households at risk. Here are three strategies for water-wise development in Ethiopia: 1. ), grain moths (Sitotroga cerealella), and bean bruchids (Acanthoscelides obtectus, Bruchus pisorum, and Zabrotes subfasciatus)], aphids, thrips, two-spotted spider mites (Tetranchus urticae), white mango scale insects (Aulacaspis tubercularis), etc. WebSince Ethiopia's economy depends mostly on agriculture (about 45 to 50% of GDP), natural causes such as drought and sometimes unpredictable flooding put the entire Political instability, weaknesses of successive strategic development policies and shortage of financial assistance in the country is the root cause of the problem. Webtechnical aspects of extension experts, who are major planners, facilitators, promoters, demonstrators and managers of agricultural knowledge and technology transfer is in many cases is observed to be the challenging issues for agricultural extension in Amhara Region. The uses of improved drought-tolerant crop varieties are also helpful in saving water. In contrast to this finding, Knippenberg et al. However, nowadays most rural households are denied access to arable land in the highland of Ethiopia due to high population growth and shortage of arable land. This will demand an additional billion tons of cereal grains and 200 million tons of meat to be produced annually (FAO, Citation2017).
Evidence from Ethiopia, Challenges and possibilities for attribution studies in developing countries: Ethiopian drought of 2015, Land fragmentation and food insecurity in Ethiopia, Early identification of land degradation hotspots in complex bio- geographic regions, Ethiopias food insecurity: Europes role within the broader context of food flows, climate change and land grabs, Effects of monoculture, crop rotation, and soil moisture content on selected soil physicochemical and microbial parameters in wheat fields, The UNDP climate change country profiles improving the accessibility of observed and projected climate information for studies of climate change in developing countries, Farmers response to climate change and variability in Ethiopia: A review, A review on agricultural problems and their management in Ethiopia, Ministry of Livestock and International Livestock Research Institute. Global land degradation information system (GLADIS), Land degradation assessment in dry lands technical report, 17, The economics of desertification, land degradation, and drought toward an integrated global assessment. Issues impacting agriculture identified in the survey include: Supplying the growing global demand for commodities arising from developing economies and world population growth. Twenty-four (24) % of the degraded areas are found in Africa, SouthEast Asia, and South China, Northcentral Australia, Pampas, Swaths of the Siberian and Northern American taiga; 1.5 billion people live in these areas (Bai et al., Citation2008). WebEthiopia is a landlocked country in the Horn of . The improvement in the economic trends are due to the growth in agriculture which plays a dominant role in Ethiopia's economy. Background The livelihood of rural households in Ethiopia, like in most developing countries, largely depends on land resource.
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