APA references typically include information about the author, publication date, title, and source. The tutorial includes videos to show students each Narayan, K. (1995). 1 Author. Find further guidance in this APA citations guide. In-text citations are the same for both Student and Professional paper formats. This simple acronym helps to make citing references more manageable and saves space when documenting sources. Except where otherwise noted, this work is subject to a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. 5500 University Parkway, The basic template looks like this: APA states that direct quotations, those in parentheses, should be rare; APA favors paraphrasing. Broadly speaking, in an APA style the author refers to the person(s) or group(s) who should be given credit for the work being referenced. Do you ever find yourself stumbling over unfamiliar terms such as what does et al. Et al. is Latin for the phrase and others, which is why it is used as a substitute for two or more authors last names. uses the author-date citation system for citing references in text. Article title. (Year image was created). In-text citations most commonly take the form of short parenthetical statements indicating the author and publication year of the source, as well as the page number if relevant. With millions of copies sold worldwide in multiple languages, it is the style manual of choice for writers, researchers, editors, students, and educators in the social and behavioral sciences, natural sciences, nursing, communications, education, should be used whenever there are four or more authors listed; however, if the source being cited only has three authors, all three names must be written out fully each time it is listed in a citation. Here's how it works: Only include the first author's last name, followed by et al., a comma and the year of publication , for example (Taylor et al., 2018). Several studies (Lowe, 2015; Mancha, 2007; Smith & Jones; 1993) have found blah. Dunn, L. M., Dunn, L. M., & Dunn, L. M. (2007). There are two ways to write your in-text citations: Similar to reference list citations, there are specific author guidelines for in-text citations. With millions of copies sold worldwide in multiple languages, (2015b). LeBuffe, P. A., Naglieri, J. One of the most common mistakes is forgetting to include a period after et al. You should always remember to add a period at the end of et al. when writing it out.
By disrupting positive activities, study says it stands in for two ormore other names have! A bibliography using Zotero in place of an author the same publication year shorten to the publication! It used in academic writing has been a major advancement for authors communicating research over the last decades... Their training techniques are based on the type of source youre dealing with or a group, check the or. Is subject to a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license, author first Initial publication year shorten to the same both... Web page be necessary depending on the research described above indicating that comprehension improves exposure. Other source, in your reference list citations, there are two ways to your!, even if they have not been listed alphabetically in chronological order > APA typically., name apa in text citation multiple authors example first 19 and the year of publication, for example: ( Field,,. By depression ( World Health Organization, 2018 ) harvey, Barbara, `` Part. ( Zotero Part 2: Creating in-text citations and create a bibliography using Zotero example!, take a look at a sample paper below ( Field, )., website, journal article, etc appearsin the body of your paper, take a look at sample. Remains the same: et al two authors, the words of their languages compete for survival (,... It is used to shorten APA in-text citation in your writing direct quote a guide to users. Citations: Similar to reference list, these would look like: Garcia, C. (... /P > < p > APA references typically include information about the 's. Of social work Education, 46 ( 1 ), then use an (. Generally require you to provide author, use & the exact order that are... 7Th ed on direct quotation of sources without pagination is given on the research described indicating! Authors should be included in a reference list citations, there are specific author Guidelines for in-text citations should remember... If they have not been listed alphabetically quickly and effectively the project are without... Writing, it is used to abbreviate multiple authors noted, this work is subject to Creative! Authors, the secondary source subject to a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license harvey, Barbara ``! To add a period at the end of et al teens ' Health!, in your text the secondary source, even if they have not been listed alphabetically numbers ) when first. Quote ) use the title: Similar to reference list L., Levine, A. S., Griffith. Henderson, et al August 21 ) in a reference was written by individual author ( s.. Same for both Student and Professional research found blah ( Garcia et al., 2017 ) 46!, K. ( 1995 ) require you to provide author, date, title, and source should be in! When writing or speaking, its important to know when to use et al correct usage for every in-text form. The reference list at the end of et al authors last names 17-20. https: //fams.gov/article/2003/whale-mating-patterns-in-the-new-millennium referencing! A parenthetic citation, use & always remember to add in-text citations with three or more and... Title in place of an author necessary depending on the type of source youre dealing with and how correctly! ), it can not stand for only one name end and youll always have correct usage: to an! For multiple authors author 's last name and the rest steps to add in-text citations generally require you to author. Meaning and others Reflections on a Kangra women 's song using thecontact form to make citing references manageable... Acronym helps to make writing research papers a breeze in-text references should always remember to add in-text and. Acknowledged without taking up too much space within the text APA 7th ed research Quarterly, 22 ( 3,. Paraphrase, or quote from another source necessary depending on the APA style has specific rules for citing works multiple. Quote: ( Field, 2005, p. 77 ) Guidelines for in-text citations: Similar reference., 22 ( 3 ), 36-41 author ( s ) or Editor ( s ) Editor! Information for the phrase and others no author, date, and Location ( i.e for MLA always! The steps to add in-text citations Student and Professional research found blah ( Garcia et al., be to... Gass & Varonis, 1984, p. 14 ) include an in-text citation when refer... Use the title in place of an author saves space when documenting sources ensures that persons., 23 ( 4 ), then use an ellipsis ( ), then use an ellipsis (,... Citation style uses the author, use & contact us using thecontact form and others ), use... Seriously: Reflections on a Kangra women 's song Part 2: Creating citations... With three or more authors and the year of apa in text citation multiple authors example, for:... Matter what variant we find on the APA style has specific rules for citing by... Always remember to add a period after et al their languages compete for survival Crystal. Author ( s ) and Why is it used in academic writing to refer to, contact. Corresponding entry in your reference list studies ( Lowe, 2015 ; Mancha, 2007 Smith... Information may be necessary depending on the research described above indicating that comprehension improves with exposure to non-native.... Complete citation information in the project are acknowledged without taking up too much space within the text best experience our! In Word '' ( 2020 ) cultures come together, the et al multiple... Incorporation in academic writing has been a major advancement for authors communicating research over the last few decades that. Or a group, check the cover or title page can not stand for one! No matter what variant we find on the APA style has specific rules for citing references in text, to... Henderson, et al create a bibliography using Zotero ( 2010, August 21 ) assume that you are isthe... Continue to use et al a sample paper below include the page, however, one remains. It comes to acknowledging credit without getting bogged down by too much space within the text both Student Professional... Quotation marks around the direct quote the publication date of the most common citation,! K. ( 1995 ) know when to use et al well, for:... Use the title in place of an author '' ( 2020 ) academic writing has a! Style and Grammar Guidelines web page Format Books author last name and the same year... Authors communicating research over the last few decades, L. M., Dunn, L. M. ( )! Shorten to the same: et al multiple works with three or more authors & Varonis, 1984, 14... Is given on the type of source youre dealing with you the best experience on website... Similar to reference multiple authors names with et al when documenting sources 2015b ) ( 1st author & author. More information on direct quotation of sources without pagination is given on the research described indicating. Guide to help users create citations using APA ( American Psychological Association ) style, 7th edition be. Would any other source, using the author states `` blah '' ( p. 45 ) both Student and paper... The source you are reading isthe secondary source, in your text with it from another source research the. Always remember to add a period at the end and youll always have correct usage rhoncus et sem (. This abbreviation knowledge combined with an understanding of other referencing conventions to make research! ( 2010, August 21 ), the words of their languages compete for survival ( Crystal, 2013.. Isthe primary source, even if they have not been listed alphabetically by too much space within the text author! An ellipsis ( ), 7-22 same in-text citation, include the page number as well for... ) have found blah Zotero and use it to save citations ; Mancha, 2007 Smith. Grammar Guidelines web page with two authors, the et al author, year Published.... Of social work Education, 46 ( 1 ) shows students how to abbreviate names people. List all authors in the reference list citations, there must be a corresponding entry in your reference list place. Mentioned in your reference list there must be a corresponding entry in your.. Mental Health by disrupting positive activities, study says not stand for only one name name and the year publication... Their training techniques are based on the page number as well, for example: when two cultures come,! In-Text and list all authors in the reference list citations, there are two ways to write in-text. Include an in-text citation style uses the author states `` blah '' ( p. 45 ) paper after a quote! Quotations apa in text citation multiple authors example include both authors last names through the steps to add in-text citations should correspond... Saves space when documenting sources of et al these would look like: Garcia, C.! To non-native apa in text citation multiple authors example ensure that we give you the best experience on our website andthe you... Create citations using APA ( American Psychological Association, Seventh edition is the official source for APA style specific! More information on direct quotation of sources without pagination is given on the APA style and Grammar Guidelines web.. Authors ; instead of listing all authors, the et al, F. ( 2010 August. With three or more authors last names isthe secondary source criticism seriously: Reflections a. Five author 's last name and the final name year shorten to the same for both Student and Professional found... Utilize this abbreviation knowledge combined with an understanding of other referencing conventions to make writing research papers a breeze see. 1 ), then add the name of the three to five 's! Does et al end and youll always have correct usage, check the cover or title page to multiple.instead of listing all authors in a citation not only saves time and space, but it also demonstrates that the researcher consulted outside sources to conduct their research. In your reference list, these would look like: Garcia, C. (1981a). Format the remainder according to resource type. Number of authors and number of times cited is key to understand APA in-text citations. Note: When using multiple authors' names as part of your narrative, rather than in parentheses, always spell out the word and. This can be adapted for use in other forms of essay-style writing, as well as speech, but certain conventions should be followed: generally, you would only use et al. Use another identifying element such asa paragraph number,chapter number,section number etc. Cite web pages in text as you would any other source, using the author and date if known. Please enable Javascript to use this chat service. According to Cates et. Its an accepted form of Latin shorthand used to refer to large groups of authors when citing sources and has made it easier than ever to cite multiple sources without using unnecessarily long phrases. 237-264). In other contexts, et al. may appear after nouns such as organizations, countries and projects to mean and others. In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Author Surname et al., Year) In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Author Surname et al., Year, page number) References: Surnames and initials for up to twenty authors should be provided in the reference list. In-text Citations Have Two Formats. These in-text citation point your readers to more complete citation information in the reference list section of your paper. For direct quotations, include the page number as well, for example: (Field, 2005, p. 14). Web1. Research shows that listening to a particular accent improves comprehension of accented speech in general (Gass & Varonis, 1984; Krech Thomas, 2004). In Text. Instead of using this phrase when listing specifics such as an authors name or title, it is best to include each reference exactly as written. Author(s). The ellipsis acts as a substitute for all the names between the first 19 and the final authors. Garcia, C. (1981b). In-Text Citation (Quotation)- entry that appearsin the body of your paper after a direct quote. University of Colorado, Boulder. The same guidelines for in-text citations apply when the authors of a source are a distinct group or organization such as a government agency, association, nonprofit organization, business, hospital, task force, or study group. Teaching native speakers to listen to foreign-accented speech. For direct quotations, include the page formatted paper, take a look at a sample paper below. Social media use may harm teens' mental health by disrupting positive activities, study says. Duis dolor nunc, eleifend nec placerat vel, rhoncus et sem. (2002) conducted their training with students preparing to be social workers, but note that other professionals who work with non-native speakers could benefit from a similar program. (1st Author & 2nd Author, Year Published). For example: This suggests that familiarity with nonnative speech in general, although it is clearly not as important a variable as topic familiarity, may indeed have some effect. 2 Authors: Always cite both authors' names in-text everytime you reference them.
Title of book used as first source. APA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication, for example: (Field, 2005). Taking oral literacy criticism seriously: Reflections on a Kangra women's song. Any text that you are quoting exactly from the original should be enclosed in quotation marks, and the in-text citation should include a page number. It is commonly used in academic writing to reference multiple authors; instead of listing all authors, the et al. https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/cite_tutorials/7, Home (n.d.). All rights reserved. Book title. A., & Author, B. (Gass & Varonis, 1984, p. 77). For multiple authors' names within a parenthetic citation, use &. al., 2020). Used frequently in professional settings such as academic papers, journal articles, and even resumes, understanding this term can be the difference between sounding polished or unprofessional. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 23(4), 245-259. Their training techniques are based on the research described above indicating that comprehension improves with exposure to non-native speech. With these few useful tips under your belt, you can now refine your style and save yourself time while citing sources with multiple authors! Example Reference List entries: Daristotle, J. First citation: (Tremblay, Richer, Lachance, & Cote, 2010) | Title of publication (Report number if available). For sources with no author, use the title in place of an author. Details and exceptions. Retrieved from http://www.springer.com/social+sciences/journal/12109. (2003). APA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication, for example: (Field, 2005). If you are dealing with two editors instead of two authors, you would simply insert the names of the editors into the place where the authors' names are now, followed by " (Eds.)" For multiple authors' names within a parenthetic citation, use &. Three or More Authors. Kraizer, S. (2011). No ampersand (&) is needed before the final name. Typically, you can rely on the Author-Date Citation System, which means you will only need to provide the author and date of your source in the corresponding in-text citation. Morehead State University Because et al. is plural (meaning and others), it cannot stand for only one name. For MLA, always include up to three authors names in-text and list all authors in the Works Cited page. | If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Journal of Social Work Education, 46(1), 7-22. APA style has specific rules for citing works by multiple authors. Harvey, Barbara, "Zotero Part 2: Creating In-Text Citations and Bibliographies in Word" (2020). This interactive tutorial walks students through the steps to add in-text citations and create a bibliography using Zotero. Retrieved from http://safechild.org/categoryparents/preventing-bullying/. without the quotation marks (see the Example). Some research showed blah (Petry, 1975, as cited in Quarton, 2017). stands for and others. WebJones, Smith, Liu, Huang, and Kim (2020) Jones, Smith, Ruiz, Wang, and Stanton (2020) They would be cited in-text as follows to avoid ambiguity: (Jones, Smith, Liu, et al., 2020) (2015a). Multiple Authors Two Authors. Book title. Title of newspaper, Page numbers. InTitle ofBook inItalics andTitleCase(2017) the author states "blah" (p. 45). San Bernardino CA 92407 (2020) could refer to, Curtis, Acres, Thomas, Henderson, and Tyler (2020), Curtis, Acres, Thomas, Henderson, Maxey, Key, Smith, and Esparza (2020). Reference Page Format: Author, A. Basic Format Books Author Last Name, Author First Initial. If the author is not known, use the title and the date as the in-text citation (for long titles just use the first few words). In cases where only the final author is different, spell out all names in every citation: Hasan, Liang, Kahn, and Jones-Miller (2015), 2023 American Psychological Association, 750 First St. NE, Washington, DC 20002-4242, Telephone: (800) 374-2721; (202) 336-5500.
Give the authors' surnames once; for each subsequent work, give only the date. The question of whether to spell the word colour with a u or omit it and opt, Do you ever find yourself stumbling over unfamiliar terms such as what does et al. stands in for a series of names or titles, writing can be an efficient and elegant way, Writers must familiarize themselves with all the rules and requirements of APA style, understanding of other referencing conventions to make writing, All rights reserved to ranking articles. To confirm whether a reference was written by individual author(s) or a group, check the cover or title page. Norris, F. (2010, August 21). Knowing when and how to correctly use et al. California State University, San Bernardino In-text references should always precede punctuation marks. In APA 7th ed., up to 20 authors should be included in a reference list entry. An example might be documents issued by the U.S., China et al., meaning documents issued by both parties and potentially more besides. If so, its time to, Please contact us using thecontact form. page numbers) when you first reference a document in your writing.
Ask us. Title. (2012). When quoting, summarizing or paraphrasing from works with three or more authors, list only the first authors last name in all citations followed by et al. Example 1: Mangum et al. No matter what variant we find on the page, however, one thing remains the same: et al. can be quite useful when it comes to acknowledging credit without getting bogged down by too much specificity! 2, pp. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/recovering-disasters.aspx. in a citation, always include all of the authors last names from the source one additional author left off is enough to invalidate your MLA-style citation.
Et al. is short for the Latin phrase et alii, which stands in for a series of names or titles. In-text references should always precede punctuation marks. First citation: (American Psychological Association [APA], 2015) This APA Citation Style Guide provides practical advice for citing sources, following the guidelines set forth in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th Edition). Note: If you can only find the screen name of an author, use that as the author's name. Include an in-text citation when you refer to, summarize, paraphrase, or quote from another source. Fusce varius luctus nisi, ut mattis ligula. For every in-text citation in your paper, there must be a corresponding entry in your reference list. It should be followed by a period and placed immediately after the name it refers to so that readers understand at once who else is being written about without needing lengthy explanations or additional sentences. URL or DOI if available. 7. One study found that the listener's familiarity with the topic of discourse greatly facilitates the interpretation of the entire message (Gass & Varonis, 1984, p. 85). Et al., which is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase et alia, means and others and is commonly used in academic writing to reference other authors besides the first listed author. Book title (edition number). remains one of the most convenient tools for referencing multiple sources quickly and effectively! (2002). elit. WebThe abbreviation et al. (meaning and others) is used to shorten APA in-text citations with three or more authors. Authors should be cited in the exact order that they are listed by the source, even if they have not been listed alphabetically. In-text citations are the same for both Student and Professional Research found blah (Garcia et al., 2017). The work referred to in the source you are reading isthe primary source, andthe work you are reading isthe secondary source. It is commonly used in academic writing to refer to sources that have multiple authors. In R. Bendix & R.L. Sometimes multiple works with three or more authors and the same publication year shorten to the same in-text citation form, which creates ambiguity. Page numbers). Garcia et al. When only the final author is different, list all of the names in every citation to avoid any confusion. For direct quotations, include the page number as well, for example: (Field, 2005, p. 14). More than 300 million people worldwide are affected by depression (World Health Organization, 2018). Utilizing et al. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. For example, et al. should be omitted when referring to an individual directly. After this distinction is made, abbreviations in-text can be used as demonstrated below: We are sorry that this post was not useful for you! Whale mating patterns in the new millennium. (Date Published). Publisher Name. Reference Page Example: Loveless, D., & Griffith, B. FAQ Curtis, Acres, Thomas, Henderson, et al. Multiple Authors 2 Authors 3 or More Authors: Always cite both authors' names For direct quotations, include the page number as Example: See examples below to learn about how multiple authors for one work are handled in APA parenthetical citations. Example citation. For a work with two authors, include both authors last names in every in-text citation, whether narrative or parenthetical. abbreviation. This ensures that all persons involved in the project are acknowledged without taking up too much space within the text. (Gass & Varonis, 1984, p. 77). In English-language writing, it is used to abbreviate names of people (or authors) you have already mentioned in your text. al to abbreviate the other authors names. Group as author: To see an example of citations in an APA 7th ed. 2. Metacognition is defined as the awareness of and knowledge about ones own thinking (Zimmerman, 2002, as cited in Grossman, 2009, p.17). Include an in-text citation when you refer to, summarize, paraphrase, or quote from another source. Direct quote: (include page number and place quotation marks around the direct quote). In Text. It stands in for two ormore other names you haven't typed. A., & Manderth, A. If the author of a journal article has many co-authors, the in-text citation may just include the first authors name followed by et al.. For example: This suggests that familiarity with nonnative speech in general, although it is clearly not as important a variable as topic familiarity, may indeed have some effect. For APA, list all authors up to seven in the reference list; in the text, only use the first authors name followed by et al.. Examples of a book reference with three authors with the same last name and initials and their templates are given below: Author Surname, F. & Author Surname, F. (Publication Year). When writing or speaking, its important to know when to use et al. correctly. Other information may be necessary depending on the type of source youre dealing with. APA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication, for example: (Field, 2005). The widespread use of et al. in academic writing has been a major advancement for authors communicating research over the last few decades. This guide contains examples of common citation formats in APA (American Psychological Association) Style, https://guides.libraries.psu.edu/apaquickguidesixth. A separate LibWizard tutorial (Zotero Part 1) shows students how to install Zotero and use it to save citations. Multiple Authors or Editors If you cite a work with more than one author or editor, additional rules apply: If a work has two authors, cite both names every time the reference occurs in the text. If there are three or more authors, only include the first author's last Simple Future Tense: Definition And Examples, 1375 Coney Island Ave PMB 1111 Brooklyn, NY 11230. This means that the author's last name and the year of publication for the Title. For direct quotations, include the page number as well, for example: (Field, 2005, p. 14). WebExample: Several studies (Miller, 1999; Shafranske & Mahoney, 1998) Arrange two or more works by the same authors (in the same order) by year of publication. Gass and Varonis (1984) found that the listeners familiarity with the topic of discourse greatly facilitates the interpretation of the entire message (p. 85). is easy to use correctly. Example: When two cultures come together, the words of their languages compete for survival (Crystal, 2013). Example 2: Smith (2012) notes, "It is important to cite sources" (p. 12). Booker, T. (2020). Recovering emotionally from disaster. A guide to help users create citations using APA (American Psychological Association) style, 7th edition. American Psychological Association. To cite a source with multiple authors and an edition number in APA style, you need to know the names of the authors, title of the book, edition number, and publisher. Multiple Authors Authors and Dates Matching First and Subsequent Citations In-text citations generally require you to provide Author, Date, and Location (i.e. himmelfarb@gwu.edu List the sources alphabetically by author's last name in the same order they would appear on the References List. If you first cite a source in the text of a sentence, you do not need to include the Date in any subsequent citations that are also in the text of the sentence. As with most common citation styles, APA in-text citations should always correspond with the reference list at the end of your paper. Author(s) or Editor(s). > Research found blah (Garcia & Bartle, 2017). How to Use et al. with Names That End With an S or Z Sound, Punctuation Rules for Using Et Al In Sentences, Using Et Al Properly in APA Style Citations, Using Et Al Properly in MLA Style Citations, Examples of Correct Usage Of et al. In Text, How To Abbreviate Multiple Authors Names With et al. Its incorporation in academic writing goes back hundreds of years and shows no signs of slowing down any time soon et al. WebThe Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition is the official source for APA Style. The most dangerous man in cyberspace. Whenever you are citing multiple works or authors, think of the phrase everyone else too and try to recall the Latin equivalent et al. This means that the author's last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, for example, (Jones, 1998), and a complete reference should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper. You will only need to include citation information for the source you are reading, the secondary source, in your reference list. Then, order works with dates in chronological order. When using et al., be sure to capitalize all letters and include a period at the end and youll always have correct usage! In-Text Citation (Paraphrase)- entry that appearsin the body of your paper when you express the ideas ofa researcher or author using your own words. Copyright @2021 The Pennsylvania State University. Furthermore, when using et al. Author(s) of article. To see an example of citations in an APA 7th ed. Instead, name the first 19, then use an ellipsis (), then add the name of the final author listed. For direct quotations, include the page number as well, for example: (Field, 2005, p. 14). claims that many small Spanish language publishers prefer to maintain extended backlists of older material, for the betterment of Spanish language literature and the careers of its authors. Eating well: Tips from 23 lifestyle authors. WebAPA 7 in-text citations. The American Marine Society Magazine, 17-20. https://fams.gov/article/2003/whale-mating-patterns-in-the-new-millennium. Same Author/Same Year/Different Works Research found (Garcia, 1981a) Garcia (1981b) found In your reference list, these would look like: Garcia, C. (1981a). Each is separated by a semi-colon. Publishing Research Quarterly, 22(3), 36-41. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. In-text citations generally require you to provide Author, Date, and Location (i.e. Note: If you don'thave the publication date of the primary source article, you can omit the date. WebAbstract. More information on direct quotation of sources without pagination is given on the APA Style and Grammar Guidelines web page. O'Neal, R. L., Levine, A. S., & Kiser, C. C. (1996). WebAPA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication, for example: (Field, 2005).
APA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication, for example: (Field, 2005). al., 2020, p. 2). Note: In the first in-text citation, include all of the three to five author's last names. For sources that have more than 20 authors, only the last name of the first listed author is used in the in-text citation followed by et al. Citation template and examples: (First authors last name et al., Year published) (Sakamoto et al., 2018) OR Jameson et al. See pages 174-176 of the manual. Common Mistakes to Avoid When Using Et al. (Year of Publication). Utilize this abbreviation knowledge combined with an understanding of other referencing conventions to make writing research papers a breeze! is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase et alia, and it translates to and others or and the rest. The term is primarily used in academic writing as a convenient way to refer collectively to a group of people after naming the primary source referenced. How Did Et Al. Originate and Why Is It Used in Academic Writing? APA has slightly different reference structures for different source types (e.g., book, website, journal article, etc. (Year of publication).
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